Manganese

=    Manganese (Mn)  ggggggggggggggggggggg =

Chemical Characteristics:
Name: Manganese Symbol: Mn Atomic Number: 25 Atomic Mass: 54.93805 Melting Point: 1245.0 °C (1518.15 K, 2273.0 °F) Boiling Point: 1962.0 °C (2235.15 K, 3563.6 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 25 Number of Neutrons: 30 Classification: Transition Metal Density at 293 K: 7.43 g/cm3 Isotopes: 7 Natural abundance (atom %) 100

Manganese is a silvery, metallic color that makes it look like iron, but it's is actually harder and very brittle. It has a cubic crystal structure, and is chemically active. The metal is particularly hard to melt, but easy to oxidize. As a powder it will burn in the air, it rusts when in water for too long, and dissolves in dilute acids.

Where is Manganese found?
Manganese is a naturally occurring metal and can be found in both the earth and in organisms. It is found in many rocks on the ocean floor and in ore mines in Australia, Brazil, Gabon, India, Russia, and South Africa. Manganese is found in organisms because it’s present in a wide variety of foods and plants. Some of these foods include Mustard greens, kale, chard, raspberries, pineapple, romaine lettuce, collard greens and maple syrup.

How is Manganese recovered and purified?
Manganese was first isolated by the scientist Gahn in 1774. He isolated the metal by heating the mineral pyrolusite, which contains Manganese, with charcoal. Manganese can be taken from pyrolusite, psilomelane, and rhodochrosite.

[[image:mineralminers_amethyst1.jpg width="195" height="147" align="right"]]
We use the element in different substances and objects such as steel and batteries. When added to steel, it improves the strength, rolling and forging qualities, stiffness, toughness, wear resistance, and hardness. It is also added to aluminum and antimony to make highly ferromagnetic alloys. The element is also used to “decolorize” glass that impure iron colors green, as an oxidizing agent for quantitative analysis and medicine, and is the color of true amethyst. Lastly, Manganese is an extremely important part for the utilization of vitamin B, and is essential for your body. ==

What products are made from Manganese?
Iron, steel, disinfectants, batteries, and some ceramics are made using Manganese. It is widely used in some aluminum alloys and fertilizers.

How are they used, and who uses them?
These products are used in building complex structures and in everyday life. Ordinary people utilize these objects.

Environmental concerns due to usage:
Manganese can be emitted into the air, water, and soil during manufacturing and the disposal of manganese-based products. It can’t break down in the environment, and can only change its form or be combined with different particles. In water, manganese will usually latch on to the particles floating in the water or fall down to settle in the sediment. How much of the element the ground retains is based on the type of coil and the chemical state of the manganese. It’s not necessarily a bad thing if there’s manganese in the soil; in fact manganese soil deficiencies could lead to infertility in mammals or bone malformation. However, all manganese compounds should be classified as highly toxic as well as possibly cancer causing just to be on the safe side

How are waste products disposed of?
Disposing safely of products that contain manganese is simple, mostly due to the fact that the only item one needs to worry about are batteries. Many battery manufacturers have select sites where old batteries can be drop off, or a town may have a depot that will take them. Some types of batteries, like Alkaline batteries, can be thrown away safely with the everyday trash as long as they aren’t being disposed of in a large amount.


 * //Yes!//** Manganese is an important nutrient for human health because it acts as an enzyme activator (metalloenzymes). It helps your body makes use of essential nutrients such as biotin, thiamine, ascorbic acid, and choline. Manganese also assists in keeping your bones strong, maintain normal blood sugar levels, keep your nerves healthy, and protect your cells from free-radical damage.

** What are the nutritional requirements? **
Infants: not established (no supplemental manganese should be given) 1-3 years: 2 milligrams 4-8 years: 3 milligrams 9-13 years: 6 milligrams 14-18 years, including pregnant and lactating women: 9 milligrams Greater than 19 years, including pregnant women: 11 milligrams

** What are the side effects of consuming too much or not enough Manganese? **
Not enough manganese in your diet can lead to nausea, vomiting, high blood sugar levels, skin rash, loss of hair color, excessive bone loss, hearing loss, and reproductive system difficulties. Too much manganese can cause “manganese madness”; which is when one experiences hallucinations, violent acts, and irritability as well as impotency. Most cases appear are seen in industrial workers who become exposed to manganese dust for extended periods of time.

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